Huisgen, Rolf et al. published their research in Monatshefte fuer Chemie in 1967 | CAS: 17355-75-8

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The 1H-pyrazole provides an excellent means by which to provide the requisite hydrogen bond acceptor–donor motifs, whether as a monocyclic ring or as a fused indazole ring. Pyrazole the presence of this nucleus in pharmacological agents of diverse therapeutic categories such as celecoxib, a potent anti-inflammatory, the antidepressant agent fezolamide have proved the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety. Quality Control of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions. XXXIII. Differences in the reactivity of substituted nitrilimines was written by Huisgen, Rolf;Adelsberger, Klaus;Aufderhaar, Ernst;Knupfer, Hans;Wallbillich, Guenter. And the article was included in Monatshefte fuer Chemie in 1967.Quality Control of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

cf. CA 67: 99380s. Disubstituted nitrilimines (16), released from hydrazide halides with Et3N were compared in their ability to undergo cycloadditions with 12 dipolarophiles of various activities. Electron-attracting substituents on the nitrilimine C and N stabilized the ground state, reduced the 1,3-dipolar activity, and promoted the formation of tetrasubstituted 1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines (I). At least 3 different reaction paths from hydrazide halides to 1,4-dihydrotetrazines were shown. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8Quality Control of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate).

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The 1H-pyrazole provides an excellent means by which to provide the requisite hydrogen bond acceptor–donor motifs, whether as a monocyclic ring or as a fused indazole ring. Pyrazole the presence of this nucleus in pharmacological agents of diverse therapeutic categories such as celecoxib, a potent anti-inflammatory, the antidepressant agent fezolamide have proved the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety. Quality Control of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oh, Kyung Seok et al. published their research in Organic Letters in 2000 | CAS: 172606-26-7

1,1′,1”-((2,4,6-Trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methylene))tris(1H-pyrazole) (cas: 172606-26-7) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The 1H-pyrazole provides an excellent means by which to provide the requisite hydrogen bond acceptor–donor motifs, whether as a monocyclic ring or as a fused indazole ring. Pyrazoles can be selectively lithiated at different carbons and subsequently react with electrophiles depending on the substitution patterns.Related Products of 172606-26-7

Origin of the High Affinity and Selectivity of Novel Receptors for NH4+ over K+: Charged Hydrogen Bonds vs Cation-π Interaction was written by Oh, Kyung Seok;Lee, Chi-Wan;Choi, Hyuk Soon;Lee, Seok Jong;Kim, Kwang S.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2000.Related Products of 172606-26-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Given the recent report of a novel pyrazole receptor exhibiting a high selectivity for NH4+ over K+, it would be interesting to investigate the origin of this selectivity and affinity so that better receptors could be designed. On the basis of extensive theor. studies, we conclude that the origin arises from a subtle interplay of charged H-bonds and cation-π interactions. The approach employed herein would be very useful in the rational design of novel functional mol. systems. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1,1′,1”-((2,4,6-Trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methylene))tris(1H-pyrazole) (cas: 172606-26-7Related Products of 172606-26-7).

1,1′,1”-((2,4,6-Trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methylene))tris(1H-pyrazole) (cas: 172606-26-7) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The 1H-pyrazole provides an excellent means by which to provide the requisite hydrogen bond acceptor–donor motifs, whether as a monocyclic ring or as a fused indazole ring. Pyrazoles can be selectively lithiated at different carbons and subsequently react with electrophiles depending on the substitution patterns.Related Products of 172606-26-7

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bezencon, Olivier et al. published their research in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2017 | CAS: 17355-75-8

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. As is the case with imidazoles, the pyrazole ring offers many opportunities to create new multiring systems that incorporate this heterocycle. Pyrazole the presence of this nucleus in pharmacological agents of diverse therapeutic categories such as celecoxib, a potent anti-inflammatory, the antidepressant agent fezolamide have proved the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety. Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Discovery and evaluation of Cav3.1-selective T-type calcium channel blockers was written by Bezencon, Olivier;Remen, Lubos;Richard, Sylvia;Roch, Catherine;Kessler, Melanie;Moon, Richard;Mawet, Jacques;Ertel, Eric A.;Pfeifer, Thomas;Capeleto, Bruno. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2017.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The authors identified and characterized a series of pyrazole amides as potent, selective Cav3.1-blockers. This series culminated with the identification of pyrazole amides (I) and (II), with excellent potencies and/or selectivities toward the Cav3.2- and Cav3.3-channels. This compound displays poor DMPK properties, making its use difficult for in vivo applications. Nevertheless, this compound as well as analogous ones are well-suited for in vitro studies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate).

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. As is the case with imidazoles, the pyrazole ring offers many opportunities to create new multiring systems that incorporate this heterocycle. Pyrazole the presence of this nucleus in pharmacological agents of diverse therapeutic categories such as celecoxib, a potent anti-inflammatory, the antidepressant agent fezolamide have proved the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety. Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fan, Xiu-Wei et al. published their research in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016 | CAS: 17355-75-8

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The 1H-pyrazole provides an excellent means by which to provide the requisite hydrogen bond acceptor–donor motifs, whether as a monocyclic ring or as a fused indazole ring. Pyrazoles can be selectively lithiated at different carbons and subsequently react with electrophiles depending on the substitution patterns.Synthetic Route of C18H16N2O2

Radical Addition of Hydrazones by α-Bromo Ketones To Prepare 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazoles via Visible Light Catalysis was written by Fan, Xiu-Wei;Lei, Tao;Zhou, Chao;Meng, Qing-Yuan;Chen, Bin;Tung, Chen-Ho;Wu, Li-Zhu. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Synthetic Route of C18H16N2O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A novel efficient tandem reaction of hydrazones and α-bromo ketones is reported for the preparation of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles by visible light catalysis. In this system, the monosubstituted hydrazones show wonderful reaction activity with alkyl radicals, generated from α-bromo ketones. A radical addition followed by intramol. cyclization affords the important pyrazole skeleton in good to excellent yields. This efficient strategy under mild conditions with wide group tolerance provides a potential approach to the 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8Synthetic Route of C18H16N2O2).

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The 1H-pyrazole provides an excellent means by which to provide the requisite hydrogen bond acceptor–donor motifs, whether as a monocyclic ring or as a fused indazole ring. Pyrazoles can be selectively lithiated at different carbons and subsequently react with electrophiles depending on the substitution patterns.Synthetic Route of C18H16N2O2

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Alvarado, Mario et al. published their research in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2013 | CAS: 17355-75-8

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. As is the case with imidazoles, the pyrazole ring offers many opportunities to create new multiring systems that incorporate this heterocycle. Pyrazole rings have been used as core components of several leading non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antihypertensive drugs. It has also been found to be useful as a bifunctional ligand for metal catalysis.Safety of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Novel antiobesity agents: Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of analogues of Rimonabant and of LH21 was written by Alvarado, Mario;Decara, Juan;Luque, Maria Jesus;Hernandez-Folgado, Laura;Gomez-Canas, Maria;Gomez-Ruiz, Maria;Fernandez-Ruiz, Javier;Elguero, Jose;Jagerovic, Nadine;Serrano, Antonia;Goya, Pilar;de Fonseca, Fernando Rodriguez. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2013.Safety of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Searching for novel antiobesity agents, a series of cannabinoid LH21 and of Rimonabant-fatty acid amide analogs have been prepared Synthesis of pyrazole analogs was achieved by a two steps simple methodol. via α,β-unsaturated ketones. Carboxamides were obtained in good yields from esters derivatives by a one-pot procedure which takes place under mild conditions. New compounds have been evaluated in vivo as anorectic agents. Some of them showed interesting properties reducing food intake in rats by a mechanism which does not involve the endocannabinoid system. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8Safety of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate).

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. As is the case with imidazoles, the pyrazole ring offers many opportunities to create new multiring systems that incorporate this heterocycle. Pyrazole rings have been used as core components of several leading non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antihypertensive drugs. It has also been found to be useful as a bifunctional ligand for metal catalysis.Safety of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cheung, Kwai Ming J. et al. published their research in Tetrahedron Letters in 2010 | CAS: 61453-49-4

Ethyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 61453-49-4) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. An alternative way to synthesize multisubstituted pyrazoles is the Csingle bondH arylation of simple pyrazoles. Pyrazole rings have been used as core components of several leading non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antihypertensive drugs. It has also been found to be useful as a bifunctional ligand for metal catalysis.Category: pyrazoles-derivatives

A facile synthesis of pyrazoles with multi-point structural diversity by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition was written by Cheung, Kwai Ming J.;Reynisson, Johannes;McDonald, Edward. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2010.Category: pyrazoles-derivatives The following contents are mentioned in the article:

We describe the synthesis of diverse pyrazoles by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of Et diazoacetate with various acetylenes in refluxing toluene. The product pyrazoles are useful starting points for preparing a diverse collection of trisubstituted pyrazole carboxamides. For aryl and heteroaryl alkynes a single product is obtained while alkyl alkynes afford a ca. 6:1 mixture of regioisomers. The observed regioselectivity for the cycloaddition step and the ease of reaction are consistent with predictions derived from computing the HOMO-LUMO energies of the reactants. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 61453-49-4Category: pyrazoles-derivatives).

Ethyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 61453-49-4) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. An alternative way to synthesize multisubstituted pyrazoles is the Csingle bondH arylation of simple pyrazoles. Pyrazole rings have been used as core components of several leading non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antihypertensive drugs. It has also been found to be useful as a bifunctional ligand for metal catalysis.Category: pyrazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jiang, Jian-An et al. published their research in Tetrahedron in 2013 | CAS: 17355-75-8

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazoles, a five-membered heterocycle containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms, are the core structures found in a number of molecules that possess a wide range of pharmaceutical and agricultural activities. Protonation of pyrazole in strong acid leads to pyrazolium cations, which undergo electrophilic substitution preferentially at C3 rather than C4. The pyrazole anion is not reactive toward nucleophiles but is mostly reactive to electrophiles.Quality Control of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

‘One-pot’ synthesis of 4-substituted 1,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates via lithium tert-butoxide-mediated sterically hindered Claisen condensation and Knorr reaction was written by Jiang, Jian-An;Huang, Wei-Bin;Zhai, Jiao-Jiao;Liu, Hong-Wei;Cai, Qi;Xu, Liu-Xin;Wang, Wei;Ji, Ya-Fei. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2013.Quality Control of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A concise ‘one-pot’ synthesis of a variety of 4-substituted 1,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates has been developed in moderate to good yields with excellent regioselectivity. Less cost lithium tert-butoxide has been identified as a base for sterically hindered Claisen condensation to efficiently generate the labile 3-substituted 4-aryl-2,4-diketoesters. Furthermore, extensive studies lead to a ‘one-pot’ process by combination of the Claisen condensation and the Knorr reaction for the synthesis of highly valuable 4-substituted 1,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8Quality Control of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate).

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazoles, a five-membered heterocycle containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms, are the core structures found in a number of molecules that possess a wide range of pharmaceutical and agricultural activities. Protonation of pyrazole in strong acid leads to pyrazolium cations, which undergo electrophilic substitution preferentially at C3 rather than C4. The pyrazole anion is not reactive toward nucleophiles but is mostly reactive to electrophiles.Quality Control of Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Antilla, Jon C. et al. published their research in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2004 | CAS: 741717-60-2

Ethyl 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (cas: 741717-60-2) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The strategies for the synthesis of pyrazoles generally can be applied for the construction of indazoles. Pyrazole the presence of this nucleus in pharmacological agents of diverse therapeutic categories such as celecoxib, a potent anti-inflammatory, the antidepressant agent fezolamide have proved the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety. Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate

Copper-diamine-catalyzed N-arylation of pyrroles, pyrazoles, indazoles, imidazoles, and triazoles was written by Antilla, Jon C.;Baskin, Jeremy M.;Barder, Timothy E.;Buchwald, Stephen L.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2004.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A copper-catalyzed N-arylation reaction of π-excessive nitrogen heterocycles is presented. The coupling of either aryl iodides or aryl bromides with common nitrogen heterocycles (pyrroles, pyrazoles, indazoles, imidazoles, and triazoles) was successfully performed in good yield with catalysts derived from diamine ligands and CuI. General conditions that tolerate functional groups such as aldehydes, ketones, alcs., primary amines, and nitriles on the aryl halide or heterocycle, were found. Hindered aryl halides or heterocycles were also found to be suitable substrates using the conditions reported herein. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (cas: 741717-60-2Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate).

Ethyl 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (cas: 741717-60-2) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. The strategies for the synthesis of pyrazoles generally can be applied for the construction of indazoles. Pyrazole the presence of this nucleus in pharmacological agents of diverse therapeutic categories such as celecoxib, a potent anti-inflammatory, the antidepressant agent fezolamide have proved the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety. Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Duca, Jose S. et al. published their research in Biopolymers in 2005 | CAS: 49834-67-5

1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-ol (cas: 49834-67-5) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazoles, a five-membered heterocycle containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms, are the core structures found in a number of molecules that possess a wide range of pharmaceutical and agricultural activities. Protonation of pyrazole in strong acid leads to pyrazolium cations, which undergo electrophilic substitution preferentially at C3 rather than C4. The pyrazole anion is not reactive toward nucleophiles but is mostly reactive to electrophiles.Formula: C6H5N3O

Insights from Ab initio quantum chemical calculations into the preferred tautomeric forms and binding affinities to CDK2 of substituted pyrazolopyridines was written by Duca, Jose S.;Madison, Vincent S.. And the article was included in Biopolymers in 2005.Formula: C6H5N3O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ab initio calculations were employed to compute pKa values and tautomer properties of a series of substituted pyrazolopyridines. The results show that the neutral 1H tautomer predominates, but upon protonation this proton migrates to give the preferred charged [2H,7H] tautomer. The basicity of the pyrazolopyridines is correlated with the electron donating capability of the 4-substituent. Ab initio free energy calculations were also used to identify determinants of binding affinity for some recently published pyrazolopyridine inhibitors of CDK2. Hydrogen-bonding affinity may be one important component of binding strength. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-ol (cas: 49834-67-5Formula: C6H5N3O).

1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-ol (cas: 49834-67-5) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazoles, a five-membered heterocycle containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms, are the core structures found in a number of molecules that possess a wide range of pharmaceutical and agricultural activities. Protonation of pyrazole in strong acid leads to pyrazolium cations, which undergo electrophilic substitution preferentially at C3 rather than C4. The pyrazole anion is not reactive toward nucleophiles but is mostly reactive to electrophiles.Formula: C6H5N3O

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fan, Xue-Min et al. published their research in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016 | CAS: 17355-75-8

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. An alternative way to synthesize multisubstituted pyrazoles is the Csingle bondH arylation of simple pyrazoles. Pyrazoles are commonly used scaffold molecules in drug discovery projects. The use of pyrazole derivatives is based on their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiarrhythmic, sedative, muscle relaxant, neuroleptic, anticonvulsant, monoamine oxidase inhibitory, antidiabetic and antibacterial activities.HPLC of Formula: 17355-75-8

Pd-Catalyzed Late-Stage Monoacetoxylation and Monoiodination of 4-Alkyl-1,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates via Direct Csp2-H Bond Activation was written by Fan, Xue-Min;Guo, Ying;Li, Yu-Dan;Yu, Kun-Kun;Liu, Hong-Wei;Liao, Dao-Hua;Ji, Ya-Fei. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.HPLC of Formula: 17355-75-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A palladium-catalyzed, late-stage functionalization of 4-alkyl-1,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates to achieve acetoxylation or iodination via Csp2-H bond activation with synthetically useful to excellent yields was described. These straightforward transformations featured highly functionalized substrates, excellent site selectivity, rapid reaction and simple operation. The C-O and C-I bond-forming protocols allowed convenient accesses to lots of complex monoacetoxylated and monoiodinated products from pharmaceutically important intermediates. Iodoacetic acid was also used as the iodinating agent in C-H bond activation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8HPLC of Formula: 17355-75-8).

Ethyl 1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (cas: 17355-75-8) belongs to pyrazole derivatives. An alternative way to synthesize multisubstituted pyrazoles is the Csingle bondH arylation of simple pyrazoles. Pyrazoles are commonly used scaffold molecules in drug discovery projects. The use of pyrazole derivatives is based on their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiarrhythmic, sedative, muscle relaxant, neuroleptic, anticonvulsant, monoamine oxidase inhibitory, antidiabetic and antibacterial activities.HPLC of Formula: 17355-75-8

Referemce:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics