pyrazoles-derivatives

Recently I am researching about AGENTS; DERIVATIVES, Saw an article supported by the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research [SIMM1601ZZ-03]; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [81602995, 21702219]. SDS of cas: 86-92-0. Published in PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD in OXFORD ,Authors: Zhu, YF; Wei, BL; Wei, JJ; Wang, WQ; Song, WB; Xuan, LJ. The CAS is 86-92-0. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 3-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone

A palladium-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of AMS and base to synthesize pyrazolones and pyrazoles was identified. This method can be utilized to a wide range of substrates, operates under mild react conditions and can give high yields. We believe it could be used as an alternative protocol for the classical dehydrogenation reactions. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

SDS of cas: 86-92-0. Welcome to talk about 86-92-0, If you have any questions, you can contact Zhu, YF; Wei, BL; Wei, JJ; Wang, WQ; Song, WB; Xuan, LJ or send Email.

Reference:
Article; Zhang, Yong; Nie, Long-Jun; Luo, Liang; Mao, Jia-Xin; Liu, Jin-Xiang; Xu, Guo-Hai; Chen, Deliang; Luo, Hai-Qing; Tetrahedron; vol. 76; 7; (2020);,
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

I found the field of Oncology very interesting. Saw the article Regorafenib for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Analysis of a Registry-Based Cohort of 555 Patients published in 2020. SDS of cas: 83-10-3, Reprint Addresses Buchler, T (corresponding author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Oncol, Videnska 800, Prague 14059, Czech Republic.; Buchler, T (corresponding author), Charles Univ Prague, Thomayer Hosp, Videnska 800, Prague 14059, Czech Republic.. The CAS is 83-10-3. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid

Purpose: Regorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor approved for the therapy of previously treated metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). The aim of the present study was to analyze the outcomes of treatment with regorafenib in real-world clinical practice based on data from a national registry. Methods: The CORECT registry, the Czech non-interventional database of patients with mCRC treated with targeted agents, searched for patients with metastatic CRC treated with regorafenib. In total, 555 evaluable patients were identified. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 61.7 years. All patients had disease progression on or after previous systemic treatment. Most patients were treated with an initial dose of 160 mg daily (n = 463; 83.6%). The median duration of treatment was 2.7 months (range 0.023.4 months). By the data cut-off date, 472 patients (85%) had completed treatment with regorafenib and were evaluable for treatment response evaluation. Partial response was reported in 13 patients (2.8%) and disease stabilization in 130 patients (27.5%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2-3.7 months) and 9.3 months (95% CI 8.3-10.3 months), respectively. The 6-month OS rate was 67.7% (95% CI 63.4-72.1%). Multivariable analysis showed that female gender, longer interval from diagnosis of metastatic disease, MO stage at diagnosis, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0 were associated with longer PFS, while higher body-mass index (BMI), longer interval from diagnosis of metastatic disease, and ECOG PS of 0 were associated with longer OS. Conclusion: OS of patients treated with regorafenib in the real-world clinical practice in this cohort exceeded that reported in randomized trials. Regorafenib is a safe and active treatment option for a subgroup of patients with mCRC who are progressing after other systemic therapies and maintain good performance status.

SDS of cas: 83-10-3. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C12H12N2O3, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Shanghai Pharmaceutical Industry Institute; China Pharmaceutical Industry Zongyuan; Li Jianqi; Huang Daowei; Wang Wenya; Zhang Zhiguo; Jiang Ling; (45 pag.)CN107286140; (2017); A;,
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Solution plasma process: An option to degrade bisphenol A in liquid-phase to non-toxic products WOS:000459528600067 published article about WASTE-WATER; BPA; OZONATION; REMOVAL in [MubarakAli, Davoodbasha; Lee, Sang-Yul; Kim, Jung-Wan] Incheon Natl Univ, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, Div Bioengn, Incheon, South Korea; [MubarakAli, Davoodbasha] Korea Aerosp Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Ctr Surface Technol & Applicat CeSTA, Goyang, South Korea; [MubarakAli, Davoodbasha; Srinivasan, Hemalatha; Kim, Jung-Wan] BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Life Sci, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; [Park, Jihae; Han, Taejun] Incheon Natl Univ, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, Dept Marine Sci, Incheon, South Korea in 2019.0, Cited 28.0. Application In Synthesis of 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a potential endocrine disruptor. It causes hormonal imbalances and also affects aquatic organisms when discharged in untreated form into the ecosystems. Many attempts have been made to degrade BPA in the liquid phase using chemical and or biological methods, which often require multiple steps and are not effective to any great extent. In this study, solution plasma process (SPP) was adopted for the degradation of BPA in liquid phase. BPA at a constant concentration (100 mg. mL(-1)) was degraded using SPP at various of discharge times (0-45 min) and various pH (3-6). Physical conditions for SPP were voltage at 800 V, frequency 35 kHz with bandwidth of 2 mu S and unipolar and bipolar power supplies were used. The degraded BPA was extracted and investigated for the degradation adopting Gas chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). During SPP, intermediates were formed at 15 min of treatment, and degradation was achieved to a maximum of 86% at 18 min. The GC-MS results revealed that dimethyl ester (91%), hydroxyl-bicyclooctenone (56%), imidazole (23%), pyridine (10%) and benzene (9%) fragments were formed abundantly due to plasma treatment. Plasma-treated BPA was not toxic to aquatic fern, Lemna minor as revealed in relative growth rate (RGR(area)) analysis. SPP causes release of free radicals, which are actively involved in BPA degradation without any additive chemicals. The approach in this study could be projected as an effective SPP-based clean-technology for degradation of toxicants in the aquatic ecosystems and also for effective wastewater treatment. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact MubarakAli, D; Park, J; Han, T; Srinivasan, H; Lee, SY; Kim, JW or send Email.. Application In Synthesis of 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Authors Novakova-Jiresova, A; Kopeckova, K; Boublikova, L; Chloupkov, R; Melichar, B; Petruzelka, L; Finek, J; Fiala, O; Grell, P; Batko, S; Linke, Z; Kiss, I; Prausov, J; Buchler, T in DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD published article about CLINICAL-PRACTICE; SURVIVAL; MULTICENTER; ANTITUMOR; SAFETY; SITE; SEX in [Novakova-Jiresova, Alena; Boublikova, Ludmila; Buchler, Tomas] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Oncol, Videnska 800, Prague 14059, Czech Republic; [Novakova-Jiresova, Alena; Boublikova, Ludmila; Buchler, Tomas] Charles Univ Prague, Thomayer Hosp, Videnska 800, Prague 14059, Czech Republic; [Kopeckova, Katerina; Batko, Stanislav; Linke, Zdenek; Prausov, Jana] Charles Univ Prague, Univ Hosp Motol, Dept Oncol, Prague, Czech Republic; [Chloupkov, Renata] Masaryk Univ, Fac Med, Inst Biostat & Anal, Brno, Czech Republic; [Melichar, Bohuslav] Palacky Univ Med, Dept Oncol, Olomouc, Czech Republic; [Melichar, Bohuslav] Teaching Hosp, Olomouc, Czech Republic; [Petruzelka, Lubos] Charles Univ Prague, Gen Fac Hosp, Dept Oncol, Prague, Czech Republic; [Finek, Jindrich; Fiala, Ondrej] Charles Univ Prague, Med Sch, Dept Oncol & Radiotherapy, Plzen, Czech Republic; [Finek, Jindrich; Fiala, Ondrej] Charles Univ Prague, Univ Hosp Pilsen, Plzen, Czech Republic; [Fiala, Ondrej] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med Pilsen, Biomed Ctr, Plzen, Czech Republic; [Grell, Peter; Kiss, Igor] Masaryk Mem Canc Inst, Dept Comprehens Canc Care, Brno, Czech Republic in 2020, Cited 30. Name: 1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid. The Name is 1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 83-10-3

Purpose: Regorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor approved for the therapy of previously treated metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). The aim of the present study was to analyze the outcomes of treatment with regorafenib in real-world clinical practice based on data from a national registry. Methods: The CORECT registry, the Czech non-interventional database of patients with mCRC treated with targeted agents, searched for patients with metastatic CRC treated with regorafenib. In total, 555 evaluable patients were identified. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 61.7 years. All patients had disease progression on or after previous systemic treatment. Most patients were treated with an initial dose of 160 mg daily (n = 463; 83.6%). The median duration of treatment was 2.7 months (range 0.023.4 months). By the data cut-off date, 472 patients (85%) had completed treatment with regorafenib and were evaluable for treatment response evaluation. Partial response was reported in 13 patients (2.8%) and disease stabilization in 130 patients (27.5%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2-3.7 months) and 9.3 months (95% CI 8.3-10.3 months), respectively. The 6-month OS rate was 67.7% (95% CI 63.4-72.1%). Multivariable analysis showed that female gender, longer interval from diagnosis of metastatic disease, MO stage at diagnosis, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0 were associated with longer PFS, while higher body-mass index (BMI), longer interval from diagnosis of metastatic disease, and ECOG PS of 0 were associated with longer OS. Conclusion: OS of patients treated with regorafenib in the real-world clinical practice in this cohort exceeded that reported in randomized trials. Regorafenib is a safe and active treatment option for a subgroup of patients with mCRC who are progressing after other systemic therapies and maintain good performance status.

Welcome to talk about 83-10-3, If you have any questions, you can contact Novakova-Jiresova, A; Kopeckova, K; Boublikova, L; Chloupkov, R; Melichar, B; Petruzelka, L; Finek, J; Fiala, O; Grell, P; Batko, S; Linke, Z; Kiss, I; Prausov, J; Buchler, T or send Email.. Name: 1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid

Reference:
Patent; Shanghai Pharmaceutical Industry Institute; China Pharmaceutical Industry Zongyuan; Li Jianqi; Huang Daowei; Wang Wenya; Zhang Zhiguo; Jiang Ling; (45 pag.)CN107286140; (2017); A;,
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Authors Changmai, S; Sultana, S; Sarma, B; Gogoi, S in ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY published article about PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ACTIVATION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; MECHANISM in [Changmai, Sumi; Sultana, Sabera; Gogoi, Sanjib] North East Inst Sci & Technol, CSIR, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Appl Organ Chem, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; [Changmai, Sumi; Sultana, Sabera; Gogoi, Sanjib] AcSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, India; [Sarma, Bipul] Tezpur Univ, Dept Chem Sci, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India in 2021, Cited 30. Application In Synthesis of 3-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone. The Name is 3-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 86-92-0

The Pd(ii)-catalyzed activation of Csp(2)-H bond and double alkyne annulation which proceeds via allylic isomerization is reported for the first time. This reaction of antipyrines with alkynes provides an efficient synthetic route for the biologically important spiro-cyclopentadiene pyrazolones. In the presence of Lawesson’s reagent, this Pd(ii)-catalyzed annulation reaction affords another spiro-cyclopentadiene pyrazolone which displays very good fluorescence properties.

Application In Synthesis of 3-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone. Welcome to talk about 86-92-0, If you have any questions, you can contact Changmai, S; Sultana, S; Sarma, B; Gogoi, S or send Email.

Reference:
Article; Zhang, Yong; Nie, Long-Jun; Luo, Liang; Mao, Jia-Xin; Liu, Jin-Xiang; Xu, Guo-Hai; Chen, Deliang; Luo, Hai-Qing; Tetrahedron; vol. 76; 7; (2020);,
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HPLC of Formula: C12H12N2O3. Authors Milne, IA; Graham, JMR in CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS published article about in [Milne, I. A.] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Grad Sch, Crawley 6009, Australia; [Graham, J. M. R.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Aeronaut, London SW7 2AZ, England in 2019, Cited 13. The Name is 1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 83-10-3

The changes in spectra and intensities of the streamwise component of turbulent velocity are calculated in the inflow of a turbine rotor. The flow is initially calculated in the limit when the turbulence is of small scale compared with the rotor diameter. Rapid distortion theory (RDT), Batchelor & Proudman (Q. J. Mech. Appl. Maths, vol. 7 (1), 1954, pp. 83-103) (BP), for small-scale turbulence is combined with the effect of the fluctuating potential flow field on the turbulence caused by the direct interaction of the incident turbulence with the rotor as a sheet of resistance. A second computation is then carried out for turbulence of larger length scale. The results of the calculations are compared with velocity measurements in the inflow of both a commercial wind turbine and a tidal turbine rotor.

Welcome to talk about 83-10-3, If you have any questions, you can contact Milne, IA; Graham, JMR or send Email.. HPLC of Formula: C12H12N2O3

Reference:
Patent; Shanghai Pharmaceutical Industry Institute; China Pharmaceutical Industry Zongyuan; Li Jianqi; Huang Daowei; Wang Wenya; Zhang Zhiguo; Jiang Ling; (45 pag.)CN107286140; (2017); A;,
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Andrews, E; Lopez-Ruiz, JA; Egbert, JD; Koh, K; Sanyal, U; Song, M; Li, DS; Karkamkar, AJ; Derewinski, MA; Holladay, J; Gutierrez, OY; Holladay, JD in [Andrews, Evan; Lopez-Ruiz, Juan A.; Egbert, Jonathan D.; Koh, Katherine; Sanyal, Udishnu; Karkamkar, Abhijeet J.; Derewinski, Miroslaw A.; Holladay, Johnathan; Gutierrez, Oliver Y.; Holladay, Jamie D.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA; [Song, Miao; Li, Dongsheng] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Phys & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA; [Derewinski, Miroslaw A.] Polish Acad Sci, Jerzy Haber Inst Catalysis & Surface Chem, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland published Performance of Base and Noble Metals for Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Bio-Oil-Derived Oxygenated Compounds in 2020.0, Cited 52.0. COA of Formula: C5H8N2. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6.

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation is a particularly attractive approach for converting the most unstable compounds in biogenic feedstocks at ambient conditions without external H-2. Here, we synthesized a variety of carbon-supported transition metal catalysts and characterized their activity for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of a series of model compounds and pyrolysis bio-oil. Carbonyl compounds, especially aromatic aldehydes, such as furfural and benzaldehyde, are particularly inclined to hydrogenation driven by an applied current. This was verified with pure solutions of the model compounds and with pyrolysis bio-oil, where we achieved stable and steady continuous operation on Pd. When optimal catalyst composition was chosen, the conversion of benzaldehyde shifted from alcohol production (e.g., on Pd and Cu) to dimerization (e.g., on Co, Ni, and Zn). Pd and Cu were shown to offer the best compromise between reaction rates and efficiency although, in general, base metals offer similar conversions but better efficiencies than noble metals. Thus, the present work offers foundational results and guidelines for choosing the optimal metal catalyst and the applied potential for processing organic feedstocks as a function of its composition.

Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Andrews, E; Lopez-Ruiz, JA; Egbert, JD; Koh, K; Sanyal, U; Song, M; Li, DS; Karkamkar, AJ; Derewinski, MA; Holladay, J; Gutierrez, OY; Holladay, JD or send Email.. COA of Formula: C5H8N2

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recently I am researching about ENTHALPIES; VAPORIZATION, Saw an article supported by the ConacytConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) [370506, 301088]. Published in ELSEVIER in AMSTERDAM ,Authors: Herrera-Castro, F; Torres, LA. The CAS is 67-51-6. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Safety of 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole

The study of the relationship between intermolecular interactions present in the solvation process and the magnitude of thermodynamic properties is extended from imidazole to pyrazole derivatives. The enthalpies of solution of pyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole and 3,4,5-trimethylpyrazole were calorimetrically determined in the solvents water, methanol and acetonitrile. The enthalpy of solution values for the three compounds in the three solvents are endothermic and spontaneous with an increase in entropy. As in the case with imidazole derivatives, the formation of a solution of pyrazole derivatives creates liquids that are more structured thermodynamically. The enthalpy of sublimation for 3,4,5-trimethylpyrazole, which is not available in the literature, was determined by the Knudsen effusion method. The combination of these thermodynamic properties has allowed the corresponding enthalpies of solvation to be obtained for the three pyrazole derivatives in the three selected solvents. With the use of the Pierotti equations and the enthalpies of solvation, the enthalpies of cavity formation were calculated along with the corresponding solute-solvent enthalpies of interaction. The infrared spectra and molecular volumes, as estimated through the electronic density, were used to obtain molecular insights into the solvation sensible sites within the studied solute molecules. The discussion of the solvation process and enthalpies of interaction of the pyrazole derivatives is based on the molecular structural features of solutes, specific intermolecular interactions and protic or aprotic nature of the solvents. The use of any empirical parameters in the discussion of the results was avoided. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Safety of 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H8N2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Synthesis of pyrazolones and pyrazoles via Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation WOS:000466245000011 published article about AGENTS; DERIVATIVES in [Zhu, Ye-Fu; Wei, Bo-Le; Wei, Jiao-Jiao; Wang, Wen-Qiong; Song, Wei-Bin; Xuan, Li-Jiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Mat Med, State Key Lab Drug Res, 501 Haike Rd,Zhangjiang Hitech Pk, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China; [Zhu, Ye-Fu; Wei, Bo-Le; Wei, Jiao-Jiao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 18. Safety of 3-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone. The Name is 3-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 86-92-0

A palladium-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of AMS and base to synthesize pyrazolones and pyrazoles was identified. This method can be utilized to a wide range of substrates, operates under mild react conditions and can give high yields. We believe it could be used as an alternative protocol for the classical dehydrogenation reactions. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Safety of 3-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C11H12N2O, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Article; Zhang, Yong; Nie, Long-Jun; Luo, Liang; Mao, Jia-Xin; Liu, Jin-Xiang; Xu, Guo-Hai; Chen, Deliang; Luo, Hai-Qing; Tetrahedron; vol. 76; 7; (2020);,
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Authors Changmai, S; Sultana, S; Sarma, B; Gogoi, S in ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY published article about PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ACTIVATION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; MECHANISM in [Changmai, Sumi; Sultana, Sabera; Gogoi, Sanjib] North East Inst Sci & Technol, CSIR, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Appl Organ Chem, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; [Changmai, Sumi; Sultana, Sabera; Gogoi, Sanjib] AcSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, India; [Sarma, Bipul] Tezpur Univ, Dept Chem Sci, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India in 2021, Cited 30. SDS of cas: 86-92-0. The Name is 3-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 86-92-0

The Pd(ii)-catalyzed activation of Csp(2)-H bond and double alkyne annulation which proceeds via allylic isomerization is reported for the first time. This reaction of antipyrines with alkynes provides an efficient synthetic route for the biologically important spiro-cyclopentadiene pyrazolones. In the presence of Lawesson’s reagent, this Pd(ii)-catalyzed annulation reaction affords another spiro-cyclopentadiene pyrazolone which displays very good fluorescence properties.

About 3-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone, If you have any questions, you can contact Changmai, S; Sultana, S; Sarma, B; Gogoi, S or concate me.. SDS of cas: 86-92-0

Reference:
Article; Zhang, Yong; Nie, Long-Jun; Luo, Liang; Mao, Jia-Xin; Liu, Jin-Xiang; Xu, Guo-Hai; Chen, Deliang; Luo, Hai-Qing; Tetrahedron; vol. 76; 7; (2020);,
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics