Category: 67-51-6

Category: pyrazoles-derivatives. Palombo, TM; Liebing, P; Hildebrand, SJ; Patrikus, QR; Assarsson, AP; Wang, L; Amenta, DS; Engelhardt, F; Edelmann, FT; Gilje, JW in [Palombo, Tyler M.; Hildebrand, Sara J.; Patrikus, Quentin R.; Assarsson, Anders P.; Amenta, Donna S.; Gilje, John W.] James Madison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA; [Liebing, Phil; Wang, Ling; Engelhardt, Felix; Edelmann, Frank T.] Otto von Guericke Univ, Chem Inst, Univ Pl 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany published Complexes of palladium(II) chloride with 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)propanamide (PPA) and related ligands in 2019.0, Cited 25.0. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6.

Four new derivatives of the versatile polyfunctional ligands 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)propanamide (1, = PPA) and 3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-propanamide (2, = Me(2)PPA) have been prepared, in which one of the amide hydrogens on 1 and 2 is formally replaced by alkyl residues. X-Ray diffraction studies revealed that, in contrast to 1 and 2, the N-isopropyl substituted derivatives 3 and 4 form supramolecular hydrogen-bonded chains rather than two-dimensional arrays, and the N-(2-methyl-4-oxypentan-2-yl) (=MOP) substituted compounds 5 and 6 exist as cyclic dimers in the solid state. Reactions of PdCl2(COD) (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with 2 equiv. of the corresponding ligands 1-6 in all cases afforded trans-PdCl2(L)(2) complexes (7-12). X-ray crystal structure determinations of 8, and 10-12 revealed kappa N-monodentate coordination of the PPA-type ligands. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Category: pyrazoles-derivatives. Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Palombo, TM; Liebing, P; Hildebrand, SJ; Patrikus, QR; Assarsson, AP; Wang, L; Amenta, DS; Engelhardt, F; Edelmann, FT; Gilje, JW or send Email.

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2020.0 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM published article about CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COPPER(II)-ASSISTED HYDROLYSIS; CARBONYL-COMPLEXES; RHODIUM COMPLEXES; 2,4,6-TRIS(2-PYRIDYL)-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; COPPER; 2,4,6-TRIS(2-PYRIMIDYL)-1,3,5-TRIAZINES; RUTHENIUM(II); FUNCTIONALS; MONONUCLEAR in [Soliman, Saied M.; El-Faham, Ayman] Alexandria Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, POB 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; [El-Faham, Ayman] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Chem, POB 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [El Silk, Sobhy E.] Tanta Univ, Fac Sci, Bot Dept, Bacteriol Unit, Tanta 31527, Egypt in 2020.0, Cited 70.0. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6. Recommanded Product: 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole

Two unexpected one-dimensional coordination polymers, [Cu(PT)(H2O)Cl](n) 1 and [Cu-2(BPT)(ClO4)(3)(H2O)(4)](n)center dot 2nH(2)O 2, of symmetrical triazine-based ligands were synthesized by Cu(II)-mediated hydrolysis of the 2,4-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine (MBPT) pincer ligand. The reaction of Cu(ClO4)(2)center dot 6H(2)O with MBPT proceeded via hydrolysis of the methoxy group to produce the dicompartmental 4,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one ligand (HBPT) that then undergoes in situ complexation with Cu(II) to afford 2. In case of CuCl2, the reaction proceeds further with C-N cleavage of one pyrazolyl unit leading to the formation of 6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione ligand (HPT) that also undergoes in situ complexation with Cu(II) affording 1. The role of Cu(II) is to increase the Lewis acid reactivity of the water molecule where similar hydrolytic reactions for MBPT were observed in acidic medium in presence of an aqueous HCl (1:1 v/v) solution. The molecular and supramolecular structures of complexes 1 and 2 were investigated using X-ray diffraction of single crystal, Hirshfeld analysis, and density functional theory calculations. The Cl center dot center dot center dot H (11.7%) and O center dot center dot center dot H (24.7%) contacts are the most important in 1, whereas the molecular packing of 2 is controlled mainly by the O center dot center dot center dot H (58.7%) hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 showed better activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans compared with the standard antibiotics amoxicillin, tetracycline, and ampicillin. In general, complexes 1 and 2 showed good antimicrobial activity than these antibiotics and have the advantage to be used as both antibacterial and antifungal agents.

Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Soliman, SM; El-Faham, A; El Silk, SE or send Email.. Recommanded Product: 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Isoprene Polymerization with Pyrazolylimine Cobalt(II) Complexes: Manipulation of 3,4-Selectivities by Ligand Design and Use of Triphenylphosphine WOS:000458272500008 published article about 1,3-BUTADIENE POLYMERIZATION; BUTADIENE POLYMERIZATION; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; CONJUGATED DIENES; METAL; BEARING; 3,4-POLYMERIZATION; REACTIVITY; BEHAVIOR in [Fang, Liang; Zhao, Wenpeng; Liu, Heng; Hu, Yanming; Zhang, Xuequan] Chinese Acad Sci, Changchun Inst Appl Chem, CAS Key Lab High Performance Synthet Rubber & Its, 5625 Renmin St, Changchun 130022, Jilin, Peoples R China; [Zhao, Wenpeng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China; [Han, Chao] Shenyang Univ Chem Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Shenyang, Liaoning, Peoples R China in 2019.0, Cited 60.0. HPLC of Formula: C5H8N2. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6

A series of pyrazolylimine CoCl2 complexes were synthesized and well characterized. The single crystal structures and coordination geometries of these complexes were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, which revealed dimeric and monomeric structures, and thereby distorted trigonal bipyramidal and distorted tetrahedral geometries, respectively. In combination with diethylaluminum chloride (DEAC) and methylaluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalysts, the present cobalt complexes displayed high activity toward isoprene polymerization, affording cis-1,4/3,4-polyisoprenes. Polymerization parameters have significant influence on the polymerization behavior. Additionally, incorporation of the external donor triphenylphosphine led to a switch in selectivity of the system from cis-1,4 to 3,4, providing an effective method to adjust the 3,4-moieties on a large scale.

HPLC of Formula: C5H8N2. Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Fang, L; Zhao, WP; Han, C; Liu, H; Hu, YM; Zhang, XQ or send Email.

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2021.0 SUSTAIN ENERG FUELS published article about O BOND FORMATION; COPPER(II) COMPLEX; MOLECULAR CATALYSTS; IRIDIUM COMPLEXES; II COMPLEXES; NEUTRAL PH; LIGANDS; EFFICIENT; SYSTEMS; DESIGN in [Makhado, T.; Vosloo, H. C. M.; Swarts, A. J.] Northwest Univ, Res Focus Area Chem Resource Beneciat, Catalysis & Synth Res Grp, 11 Hoffman St, ZA-2531 Potchefstroom, South Africa; [Das, B.] Stockholm Univ, Arrhenius Lab, Dept Organ Chem, Svante Arrhenius Vag 16C, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Kriek, R. J.] Northwest Univ, Electrochem Energy & Environm Grp, Res Focus Area Chem Resource Beneficat, 11 Hoffman St, ZA-2531 Potchefstroom, South Africa; [Swarts, A. J.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Chem, Mol Sci Inst, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa in 2021.0, Cited 69.0. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6. COA of Formula: C5H8N2

Herein a series of novel bis(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)pyridine-ligated Cu(i) complexes, C1-C4, bearing different donating groups [[H(C1), Me(C2), t-Bu(C3), Ph(C4)])] on the pyrazole rings, were synthesized and investigated as pre-catalysts in chemical and electrocatalytic water oxidation reactions. Ligands, 2,6-bis((1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)pyridine (L1), 2,6-bis((1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)pyridine (L2), 2,6-bis((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)pyridine (L3), and 2,6-bis((3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)pyridine (L4) were reacted with Cu(MeCN)(4)PF6 to form complexes C1-C4 respectively. Cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN), sodium m-periodate, and sodium persulfate were investigated as chemical oxidants in chemical water oxidation. Complexes C1-C4 showed catalytic activity towards chemical water oxidation in the presence of CAN as the primary oxidant at 25 degrees C. Complex C2 was the most active with a turnover number (TON) of 4.6 and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.31 s(-1). The least active catalyst was complex C4, with a TON of 2.3 and a TOF of 0.0086 s(-1). This observed difference in catalytic activity between the complexes illustrated the key role that electronic effects play during catalysis. Other oxidants evaluated with C2 were sodium m-periodate (TON, 3.77; TOF 0.14 s(-1)) and sodium persulfate (TON, 4.02; TOF 0.044 s(-1)) however, CAN exhibited the greatest activity. Complexes C1-C4 were investigated in electrocatalytic water oxidation at a neutral pH of 6.5. Complex C2 was the most active in electrocatalytic water oxidation as well, exhibiting an overpotential of 674 mV and TOF of 9.77 s(-1) (at 1.7 V vs. NHE), which is better than most reported copper(ii) complexes. These Cu(i) complexes C1-C4 show potential as efficient chemical and electrocatalytic water oxidation catalysts, which can be achieved by fine-tuning the steric and electronic properties of the catalysts.

Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Makhado, T; Das, B; Kriek, RJ; Vosloo, HCM; Swarts, AJ or send Email.. COA of Formula: C5H8N2

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Unactivated Fluoroarenes Enabled by Organic Photoredox Catalysis WOS:000579087600032 published article about ARYL FLUORIDES; BOND FORMATION; AMINATION; ACTIVATION in [Pistritto, Vincent A.; Schutzbach-Horton, Megan E.; Nicewicz, David A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA in 2020.0, Cited 41.0. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6. Computed Properties of C5H8N2

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is a classical reaction with well-known reactivity toward electron-poor fluoroarenes. However, electron-neutral and electron-rich fluoro(hetero)arenes are considerably underrepresented. Herein, we present a method for the nucleophilic defluorination of unactivated fluoroarenes enabled by cation radical-accelerated nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The use of organic photoredox catalysis renders this method operationally simple under mild conditions and is amenable to various nucleophile classes, including azoles, amines, and carboxylic acids. Select fluorinated heterocycles can be functionalized using this method. In addition, the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals is also presented. Computational studies demonstrate that the site selectivity of the reaction is dictated by arene electronics.

Computed Properties of C5H8N2. Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Pistritto, VA; Schutzbach-Horton, ME; Nicewicz, DA or send Email.

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Product Details of 67-51-6. In 2020.0 EUR UROL FOCUS published article about RESISTANCE in [Cimino, Sebastiano; Verze, Paolo; Venturino, Luca; Alessio, Paolo; Migliara, Alfonso; Imbimbo, Ciro; Mirone, Vincenzo; Russo, Giorgio Ivan; Morgia, Giuseppe] Univ Catania, Dept Urol, Urol Sect, Catania, Italy; [Cimino, Sebastiano; Verze, Paolo; Venturino, Luca; Alessio, Paolo; Migliara, Alfonso; Imbimbo, Ciro; Mirone, Vincenzo; Russo, Giorgio Ivan; Morgia, Giuseppe] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Neurosci Reprod Sci & Odontostomatol, Naples, Italy in 2020.0, Cited 18.0. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6.

Background: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRBx) or transperineal Bx (TPBx) are considered alternative approaches for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). However, urinary tract infection (UTI) or other complications could be more frequent in the TRBx approach. Objective: To determine the complication rate following different antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP; fosfomycin trometamol [FT] vs beta-lactame or fluorochinolones [FQ]) in patients undergoing TRBx or TPBx. Design, setting, and participants: The analyses were based on prospectivelycollected data of a cohort of patients who underwent TRBx or TPBx for elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA; >= 4 ng/ml) or clinical suspicion of PCa, between September 2016 and March 2017. Patients received a single dose of 3 g oral FT (group A) or, alternatively, FQ or beta-lactame (group B). Intervention:TRBx versus TPBx. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Adjustment variables consisted of age, PSA, biopsy technique (TPBx vs TRBx), and antibiotic prophylaxis (FT vs beta-lactame or FQ) using 1:1 propensity-score matching. Overall, 526 patients were considered, of whom 258 received FT (group A) and the other 258 received beta-lactame or FQ (group B). Results and limitations: Overall complications occurred in 390 (75.58%) and major complications in 67/516 (12.98%). Lower prevalence of UTIs was detected in group A (34.1%) compared with that in group B (43.4%; p = 0.03), while similar rates of haematuria (54.7% vs 55.4%), haemospermia (39.5% vs 33.0%), and acute urinary retention (11.6% vs 9.3%) were detected in groups A and B. We found that group B (odds ratio [OR]: 1.54; p = 0.03), I grade haematuria (OR: 6.17; p < 0.01), and II grade haematuria (OR: 5.13; p < 0.01) were significantly associated with increased risk of UTIs. Conclusions: AMP with fluoroquinoles or beta-lactam antibiotics increased the rate of UTIs, when compared with FT, in patients undergoing TRBx or TPBx. The appearance of haematuria or haemospermia is associated with UTIs, suggesting the possibility of tailoring the strategy for prophylaxis in this category of patients. Patient summary: In this study, comparing complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy versus transperineal biopsy, prophylaxis with fluoroquinoles or beta-lactam antibiotics increased the rate of urinary tract infections when compared with fosfomycin trometamol, regardless of the type of biopsy approach. (C) 2018 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Product Details of 67-51-6. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H8N2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

COA of Formula: C5H8N2. I found the field of Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Cross-Coupling between Hydrazine and Aryl Halides with Hydroxide Base at Low Loadings of Palladium by Rate-Determining Deprotonation of Bound Hydrazine published in 2021.0, Reprint Addresses Hartwig, JF (corresponding author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.. The CAS is 67-51-6. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole.

Reported here is the Pd-catalyzed C-N coupling of hydrazine with (hetero)aryl chlorides and bromides to form aryl hydrazines with catalyst loadings as low as 100 ppm of Pd and KOH as base. Mechanistic studies revealed two catalyst resting states: an arylpalladium(II) hydroxide and arylpalladium(II) chloride. These compounds are present in two interconnected catalytic cycles and react with hydrazine and base or hydrazine alone to give the product. The selectivity of the hydroxide complex with hydrazine to form aryl over diaryl hydrazine was lower than that of the chloride complex, as well as the catalytic reaction. In contrast, the selectivity of the chloride complex closely matched that of the catalytic reaction, indicating that the aryl hydrazine is derived from this complex. Kinetic studies showed that the coupling process occurs by rate-limiting deprotonation of a hydrazine-bound arylpalladium(II) chloride complex to give an arylpalladium(II) hydrazido complex.

Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Wang, JY; Choi, K; Zuend, SJ; Borate, K; Shinde, H; Goetz, R; Hartwig, JF or send Email.. COA of Formula: C5H8N2

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Authors Zherebtsov, MA; Zhiganshina, ER; Lenshina, NA; Kovylin, RS; Baranov, EV; Shushunova, NY; Shurygina, MP; Arsenyev, MV; Chesnokov, SA; Cherkasov, VK in SPRINGER published article about TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; O-QUINONE; ELECTROCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS; CATECHOL; 1,2-BENZOQUINONES; METHACRYLATE; DERIVATIVES; TRIPTYCENE; REDUCTION in [Zherebtsov, M. A.; Zhiganshina, E. R.; Lenshina, N. A.; Kovylin, R. S.; Baranov, E., V; Shushunova, N. Yu; Shurygina, M. P.; Arsenyev, M., V; Chesnokov, S. A.; Cherkasov, V. K.] Russian Acad Sci, GA Razuvaev Inst Organometall Chem, 49 Ul Tropinina, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia; [Zherebtsov, M. A.; Arsenyev, M., V; Cherkasov, V. K.] NI Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State Univ, 23 Prosp Gagarina, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia in 2021.0, Cited 60.0. Computed Properties of C5H8N2. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6

New tri- and tetraalkyl-substituted o-benzoquinones were synthesized based on 5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol derivatives. The new compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. The reactivity of o-benzoquinones was evaluated in the photoreduction and initiation of photopolymerization of oligocarbonate dimethacrylate (OCM-2) in the presence of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine and in the inhibition of MMA polymerization. The introduction of the methyl substituent into the benzene ring has a weak effect on the inhibitory activity of o-benzoquinone, whereas the (3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl substituent enhances the inhibitory effect of 4,5-di-tert-alkyl-substituted o-benzoquinone.

Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Zherebtsov, MA; Zhiganshina, ER; Lenshina, NA; Kovylin, RS; Baranov, EV; Shushunova, NY; Shurygina, MP; Arsenyev, MV; Chesnokov, SA; Cherkasov, VK or send Email.. Computed Properties of C5H8N2

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recently I am researching about MULTICOMPONENT POLYMERIZATION; COPOLYMERS; DENDRIMERS; SYNTHESIZE; CHEMISTRY; LIBRARY, Saw an article supported by the Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers (LEADER) [19K05578]. Published in NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP in NEW YORK ,Authors: Kakuchi, R; Okura, Y. The CAS is 67-51-6. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. COA of Formula: C5H8N2

In this study, a novel pyrazole-carbodithioate-based chain transfer agent (CTA) featuring an aldehyde group (CTA-CHO) was designed and synthesized for RAFT polymerization. The obtained CTA-CHO was employed for the RAFT polymerization of styrene to afford well-defined polystyrenes bearing an aldehyde at their chain ends with low D values (similar to 1.1). In addition, the reactivity of the aldehyde moiety at the end of the chain was precisely evaluated, while the Passerini three-component reaction was successfully performed on the aldehyde group.

Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Kakuchi, R; Okura, Y or send Email.. COA of Formula: C5H8N2

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2020.0 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E published article about COMPLEXES; CU(II); WELL in [Vynohradov, Oleksandr S.; Pavlenko, Vadim A.; Naumova, Dina D.; Partsevska, Sofiia, V] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Dept Chem, Volodymyrska Str 64-13, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine; [Shova, Sergiu] Poni Petru Inst Macromol Chem, Voda 41A, Iasi 700487, Romania; [Safarmamadov, Safarmamad M.] Tajik Natl Univ, Dept Chem, 17 Rudaki Ave, Dushanbe 734025, Tajikistan in 2020.0, Cited 22.0. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6. Name: 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole

In the title bicyclic trinuclear pyrazolate aminoalcohol complex, [Cu-3(C5H7N2)(2)-(C6H14NO3)(2)]Br-2 center dot 1.5H(2)O, the central Cu atom lies on a center of symmetry and is involved in the formation of two five-membered rings. It has a coordination number of 4, is in a distorted tetrahedral environment and is connected by the bridging oxygen atoms of the deprotonated OH groups of different aminoalcohol groups, and by the N atoms of deprotonated dimethylpyrazole ligands. The peripheral Cu atom is in a trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment formed by the nitrogen atom of the deprotonated bridging dimethylpyrazole unit, the bridging oxygen atom of the deprotonated OH group, two oxygen atoms of the protonated hydroxy groups and the nitrogen atom of triethanolamine. One of the C atoms and the Br- anion were found to be disordered over two positions with occupancy factors of 0.808 (9):0.192 (9) and 0.922 (3):0.078 (3), respectively.

Name: 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Vynohradov, OS; Pavlenko, VA; Naumova, DD; Partsevska, SV; Shova, S; Safarmamadov, SM or send Email.

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics