pyrazoles-derivatives

An article Synthesis and photoinitiating ability of substituted 4,5-di-tert-alkyl-o-benzoquinones in radical polymerization WOS:000647018700020 published article about TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; O-QUINONE; ELECTROCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS; CATECHOL; 1,2-BENZOQUINONES; METHACRYLATE; DERIVATIVES; TRIPTYCENE; REDUCTION in [Zherebtsov, M. A.; Zhiganshina, E. R.; Lenshina, N. A.; Kovylin, R. S.; Baranov, E., V; Shushunova, N. Yu; Shurygina, M. P.; Arsenyev, M., V; Chesnokov, S. A.; Cherkasov, V. K.] Russian Acad Sci, GA Razuvaev Inst Organometall Chem, 49 Ul Tropinina, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia; [Zherebtsov, M. A.; Arsenyev, M., V; Cherkasov, V. K.] NI Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State Univ, 23 Prosp Gagarina, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia in 2021.0, Cited 60.0. COA of Formula: C5H8N2. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6

New tri- and tetraalkyl-substituted o-benzoquinones were synthesized based on 5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol derivatives. The new compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. The reactivity of o-benzoquinones was evaluated in the photoreduction and initiation of photopolymerization of oligocarbonate dimethacrylate (OCM-2) in the presence of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine and in the inhibition of MMA polymerization. The introduction of the methyl substituent into the benzene ring has a weak effect on the inhibitory activity of o-benzoquinone, whereas the (3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl substituent enhances the inhibitory effect of 4,5-di-tert-alkyl-substituted o-benzoquinone.

Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Zherebtsov, MA; Zhiganshina, ER; Lenshina, NA; Kovylin, RS; Baranov, EV; Shushunova, NY; Shurygina, MP; Arsenyev, MV; Chesnokov, SA; Cherkasov, VK or send Email.. COA of Formula: C5H8N2

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Authors Csany, G; Szalai, K; Gyongy, M in ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV published article about DECORRELATION; SPECKLE; TISSUE in [Csany, Gergely; Gyongy, Miklos] Pazmany Peter Catholic Univ, Fac Informat Technol & Bion, Budapest, Hungary; [Szalai, Klara] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Dermatol Venerol & Dermatooncol, Budapest, Hungary in 2019, Cited 42. SDS of cas: 83-10-3. The Name is 1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 83-10-3

The current work investigates the performance of a real-time scan conversion algorithm for generating a 2-D ultrasound image from a laterally scanned single-element ultrasound transducer, which has applications in point-of-care devices such as for skin imaging. The algorithm employs a fixed calibration curve to update a predefined image grid in real time. Simulations showed that the calibration curve (with a maximum of 1) is robust to changes in scatterer concentration (8.3 x 10(-3) mean absolute error), signal to noise ratio (1.0 x 10(-3) mean absolute error for -5 dB SNR), and can be accurately predicted from a small number (31) of point scatterers (6.9 x 10(-3) mean absolute error). Good agreement was also found between the calibration curves obtained from simulated and experimental data (1.19 x 10(-2) mean absolute error). The scan conversion algorithm was validated by evaluation of the position estimation errors on both simulations and experiments. Clinical images of skin lesions (N = 20) demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm for real, non-homogeneous tissue. Use of a fixed calibration curve compared to an adaptive calibration curve gave similar accuracies in the scanning step size range of 150-350 mu m (with an average overlap of the accuracy ranges of 92.94% for simulations and 42.83% for experiments), and a 350-fold improvement in computation time.

SDS of cas: 83-10-3. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C12H12N2O3, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Shanghai Pharmaceutical Industry Institute; China Pharmaceutical Industry Zongyuan; Li Jianqi; Huang Daowei; Wang Wenya; Zhang Zhiguo; Jiang Ling; (45 pag.)CN107286140; (2017); A;,
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article One-Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiropyrazolone-Linked Cyclopropanes and Benzofurans through a General Michael Addition/Chlorination/Nucleophilic Substitution Sequence WOS:000481979200038 published article about N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE; ENANTIOSELECTIVE CONSTRUCTION; ORGANOCATALYSIS; PYRAZOLONES; ANNULATION; SCAFFOLDS; OXINDOLES; CATALYSIS in [Lu, Hong; Zhang, Huan-Xin; Tan, Chang-Yin; Liu, Jin-Yu; Xu, Peng-Fei] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China; [Lu, Hong; Wei, Hao] Northwest Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Natl Demonstrat Ctr Expt Chem Educ, Key Lab Synthet & Nat Funct Mol Chem,Minist Educ, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 45. SDS of cas: 86-92-0. The Name is 3-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 86-92-0

A sequential and general strategy has been successfully developed for the synthesis of spiropyrazolone scaffolds. This intriguing transformation of the asymmetric multicomponent catalysis process was realized with the combination of Michael addition/chlorination/nucleophilic substitution in a one-pot sequence, giving rise to a series of spiropyrazolones with fully substituted cyclopropanes and spiro-dihydrobenzofurans containing continuous stereogenic centers in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities.

SDS of cas: 86-92-0. Welcome to talk about 86-92-0, If you have any questions, you can contact Lu, H; Zhang, HX; Tan, CY; Liu, JY; Wei, H; Xu, PF or send Email.

Reference:
Article; Zhang, Yong; Nie, Long-Jun; Luo, Liang; Mao, Jia-Xin; Liu, Jin-Xiang; Xu, Guo-Hai; Chen, Deliang; Luo, Hai-Qing; Tetrahedron; vol. 76; 7; (2020);,
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2020.0 J MOL LIQ published article about ENTHALPIES; VAPORIZATION in [Herrera-Castro, Filiberto; Alfonso Torres, Luis] Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Quim, Av IPN 2508, Ciudad De Mexico 07360, Mexico in 2020.0, Cited 20.0. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6. COA of Formula: C5H8N2

The study of the relationship between intermolecular interactions present in the solvation process and the magnitude of thermodynamic properties is extended from imidazole to pyrazole derivatives. The enthalpies of solution of pyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole and 3,4,5-trimethylpyrazole were calorimetrically determined in the solvents water, methanol and acetonitrile. The enthalpy of solution values for the three compounds in the three solvents are endothermic and spontaneous with an increase in entropy. As in the case with imidazole derivatives, the formation of a solution of pyrazole derivatives creates liquids that are more structured thermodynamically. The enthalpy of sublimation for 3,4,5-trimethylpyrazole, which is not available in the literature, was determined by the Knudsen effusion method. The combination of these thermodynamic properties has allowed the corresponding enthalpies of solvation to be obtained for the three pyrazole derivatives in the three selected solvents. With the use of the Pierotti equations and the enthalpies of solvation, the enthalpies of cavity formation were calculated along with the corresponding solute-solvent enthalpies of interaction. The infrared spectra and molecular volumes, as estimated through the electronic density, were used to obtain molecular insights into the solvation sensible sites within the studied solute molecules. The discussion of the solvation process and enthalpies of interaction of the pyrazole derivatives is based on the molecular structural features of solutes, specific intermolecular interactions and protic or aprotic nature of the solvents. The use of any empirical parameters in the discussion of the results was avoided. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

COA of Formula: C5H8N2. Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Herrera-Castro, F; Torres, LA or send Email.

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article The selective condensation of pyrazolones to isatins in aqueous medium WOS:000515447100005 published article about HENRY NITROALDOL REACTIONS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; ON-WATER; DERIVATIVES; ANTIPYRINE; ALCOHOLS; HETEROCYCLES; CHEMISTRY; CYCLIZATION; EFFICIENT in [Zhang, Yong; Nie, Long-Jun; Luo, Lang; Mao, Jia-Xin; Liu, Jin-Xiang; Xu, Guo-Hai; Chen, Deliang; Luo, Hai-Qing] Garman Normal Univ, Key Lab Organopharmaceut Chem, Ganzhou 341000, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 69. Product Details of 86-92-0. The Name is 3-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 86-92-0

The selective condensation of pyrazolones with isatins using water as the reaction medium is presented. This strategy provides an environmentally benign synthetic route to synthesize various potentially bioactive pyrazolone substituted oxindoles. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C11H12N2O, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Product Details of 86-92-0

Reference:
Article; Zhang, Yong; Nie, Long-Jun; Luo, Liang; Mao, Jia-Xin; Liu, Jin-Xiang; Xu, Guo-Hai; Chen, Deliang; Luo, Hai-Qing; Tetrahedron; vol. 76; 7; (2020);,
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Today I’d like to introduce a new chemical compound, CAS is 1159408-65-7, COA of Formula: 1159408-65-7, Name is 4,8-Dioxa-12,16-diazaheneicosanamide, 6-amino-11,17-dioxo-6-[[3-oxo-3-[[3-[[1-oxo-5-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]pentyl]amino]propyl]amino]propoxy]methyl]-N-[3-[[1-oxo-5-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]pentyl]amino]propyl]-21-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]-, 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, Formula is C81H129F3N10O38, Molecular Weight is 1907.93g/mol. Because of its complex structure and huge molecular weight, this compound is rarely understood. Now let me introduce some knowledge about its synthesis.

The general reactant of this compound is 1-(Phenylmethyl) dodecanedioate；4,8-Dioxa-12,16-diazaheneicosanamide, 6-amino-11,17-dioxo-6-[[3-oxo-3-[[3-[[1-oxo-5-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]pentyl]amino]propyl]amino]propoxy]methyl]-N-[3-[[1-oxo-5-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]pentyl]amino]propyl]-21-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]-, 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (1:1), Reagents is ；DimethylformamideDiisopropylethylamine；1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-benzotriazolium hexafluorophosphate(1-) 3-oxide, Catalyst(), Solvent is , Products , Synthetic Methods procedure :1. Add HBTU ( 3.28 g, 8.64 mmol ) and DIEA ( 4.10 mL, 23.58 mmol ) to a solution of dodecanoic acid monobenzyl ester ( 2.51 g, 7.86 mmol ) in DMF ( 80 mL ) and stir the resulting mixture for few minutes., 2. Add a solution of reactant ( 15 g, 5.24 mmol ) in DMF ( 20 mL ) and continue stirring at room temperature overnight., 3. Remove the solvents and volatiles under reduced pressure., 4. Dissolve the residue in DCM ( 200 mL ) , wash with saturated NaHCO3 ( 100 mL ) and water ( 100 mL ) ., 5. Dry over anhydrous Na2SO4, evaporate the solvent under reduced pressure., Transfornation (Acylation of Nitrogen Nucleophiles by Carboxylic Acids. Characterization Data include ‘s Proton NMR Spectrum : ( 400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) : δ 7.86–7.77 ( m, 6H, NH ) ; 7.72 ( t, J = 5.7 Hz, 3H, NH ) ; 7.39-7.28 ( m, 5H ) ; 6.97 ( s, 1H, NH ) ; 5.20 ( d, J = 3.4 Hz, 3H, sugar H4 ) ; 5.07 ( s, 2H ) ; 4.95 ( dd, J = 3.4, 11.2 Hz, 3H, sugar H3 ) ; 4.47 ( d, J = 8.5 Hz, 3H, sugar H1 ) ; 4.07–3.96 ( m, 9H, sugar H5, H6, H6′ ) ; 3.86 ( dt, J = 8.9, 11.2 Hz, 3H, sugar H 2 ) ; 3.69 ( dt, J = 5.9, 9.9 Hz, 3H ) ; 3.60-3.45 ( m, 12H ) ; 3.39 ( dt, J = 6.3, 9.9 Hz, 3H ) ; 3.08-2.95 ( m, 12H ) ; 2.32 ( t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H ) ; 2.26 ( t, J = 6.3 Hz, 6H ) ; 2.09 ( s, 9H ) , 2.03 ( t, J = 7.0 Hz, 8H ) ; 1.98 ( s, 9H ) ; 1.88 ( s, 9H ) , 1.76 ( s, 9H ) ; 1.56–1.36 ( m, 22H ) ; 1.28–1.14 ( m, 12H ) ., Carbon-13 NMR : ( 126 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) : δ 172.8, 172.5, 171.9, 170.1, 170.0, 169.9, 169.6, 169.4, 136.3, 128.4, 128.0, 127.9, 101.0, 70.5, 69.8, 68.7, 68.3, 67.3, 66.7, 65.3, 61.4, 59.5, 49.4, 36.4, 36.3, 36.0, 35.9, 35.1, 33.5, 29.5, 28.9, 28.9, 28.8, 28.7, 28.6, 28.6, 28.4, 25.3, 24.5, 22.8, 21.9, 20.5, 20.5, 20.4., Mass Spectrum: MS calc. for C98H154N10O39: 2095.03; found: 2118.05 ( M+Na+, MALDI-TOF, matrix: HABA ) ., State is offwhite solid

I’m so glad you had the patience to read the whole article, if you want know more about 1159408-65-7, COA of Formula: 1159408-65-7, you can browse my other blog.

Reference:
CAS Method Number 3-353-CAS-9716164,
,CAS Method Number 3-367-CAS-11845945

Authors Ma, YY; Shi, YQ; Yang, F; Wu, YS; Wu, YJ in PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD published article about C-H AMINATION; CARBON-NITROGEN BONDS; 1-NAPHTHYLAMINE DERIVATIVES; 8-AMINOQUINOLINE AMIDES; C5-H PHOSPHONATION; ARYL HALIDES; ACTIVATION; QUINOLINES; STRATEGY; SCOPE in [Ma, Yueyue; Shi, Yaqi; Yang, Fan; Wu, Yangjie] Zhengzhou Univ, Key Lab Appl Chem Henan Univ, Henan Key Lab Chem Biol & Organ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, Peoples R China; [Wu, Yusheng] TetranovBiophann LLC, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Peoples R China; [Wu, Yusheng] Collaborat Innovat Ctr New Drug Res & Safety Eval, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 35. COA of Formula: C5H8N2. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6

A practical and efficient protocol for Ag/Ru-cocatalyzed regioselective C-H amination of 8-hydroxyquinoline esters with pyrazoles was developed, This reaction proceeded smoothly via a photoredox-mediated direct C-H/N-H oxidative coupling process. The remarkable features of this reaction include the wide substrate scope, mild reaction conditions and high regioselectivity at the C4 site of the quinolinyl moiety. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Ma, YY; Shi, YQ; Yang, F; Wu, YS; Wu, YJ or send Email.. COA of Formula: C5H8N2

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

COA of Formula: C12H12N2O3. Recently I am researching about CLINICAL-PRACTICE; SURVIVAL; MULTICENTER; ANTITUMOR; SAFETY; SITE; SEX, Saw an article supported by the BayerBayer AG; Amgen MerckAmgenMerck & Company; RocheRoche Holding. Published in DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD in ALBANY ,Authors: Novakova-Jiresova, A; Kopeckova, K; Boublikova, L; Chloupkov, R; Melichar, B; Petruzelka, L; Finek, J; Fiala, O; Grell, P; Batko, S; Linke, Z; Kiss, I; Prausov, J; Buchler, T. The CAS is 83-10-3. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid

Purpose: Regorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor approved for the therapy of previously treated metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). The aim of the present study was to analyze the outcomes of treatment with regorafenib in real-world clinical practice based on data from a national registry. Methods: The CORECT registry, the Czech non-interventional database of patients with mCRC treated with targeted agents, searched for patients with metastatic CRC treated with regorafenib. In total, 555 evaluable patients were identified. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 61.7 years. All patients had disease progression on or after previous systemic treatment. Most patients were treated with an initial dose of 160 mg daily (n = 463; 83.6%). The median duration of treatment was 2.7 months (range 0.023.4 months). By the data cut-off date, 472 patients (85%) had completed treatment with regorafenib and were evaluable for treatment response evaluation. Partial response was reported in 13 patients (2.8%) and disease stabilization in 130 patients (27.5%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2-3.7 months) and 9.3 months (95% CI 8.3-10.3 months), respectively. The 6-month OS rate was 67.7% (95% CI 63.4-72.1%). Multivariable analysis showed that female gender, longer interval from diagnosis of metastatic disease, MO stage at diagnosis, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0 were associated with longer PFS, while higher body-mass index (BMI), longer interval from diagnosis of metastatic disease, and ECOG PS of 0 were associated with longer OS. Conclusion: OS of patients treated with regorafenib in the real-world clinical practice in this cohort exceeded that reported in randomized trials. Regorafenib is a safe and active treatment option for a subgroup of patients with mCRC who are progressing after other systemic therapies and maintain good performance status.

Welcome to talk about 83-10-3, If you have any questions, you can contact Novakova-Jiresova, A; Kopeckova, K; Boublikova, L; Chloupkov, R; Melichar, B; Petruzelka, L; Finek, J; Fiala, O; Grell, P; Batko, S; Linke, Z; Kiss, I; Prausov, J; Buchler, T or send Email.. COA of Formula: C12H12N2O3

Reference:
Patent; Shanghai Pharmaceutical Industry Institute; China Pharmaceutical Industry Zongyuan; Li Jianqi; Huang Daowei; Wang Wenya; Zhang Zhiguo; Jiang Ling; (45 pag.)CN107286140; (2017); A;,
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hamid, A; Roy, RK in [Hamid, Aabid; Roy, Ram Kinkar] Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Dept Chem, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India published Correlation between Equilibrium Constant and Stabilization Energy: A Combined Approach Based on Chemical Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, and Density Functional Reactivity Theory in 2020.0, Cited 28.0. Recommanded Product: 67-51-6. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6.

In the present work, an attempt is made to establish the correlation between equilibrium constant and stabilization energy [Delta E-SE(AB)] generated from density functional reactivity theory (DFRT). The reactions chosen here are of type A + B (sic) AB (i.e., adduct formation type) between an electron acceptor, A, and an electron donor, B. The representative acceptors are methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) and substituted benzaldehydes whereas donors are 26 mono- and bidentate ligands (having N-donors) and semicarbazide. The trends of experimentally generated equilibrium constant (K) values match with those of Delta E-SE(AB) in most of the cases, both in gas phase as well as in solvent. Justification of this reliable correlation is provided analytically using the expressions of standard Gibbs free energy of reaction (i.e., Delta(r)G(theta)) and the stabilization energy expression generated by DFRT. A further analytical explanation (albeit not very rigorous) is provided through statistical thermodynamics showing how equilibrium constant (K) is related to Delta E-SE(AB) for reactions of the type A + B (sic) AB, where either A or B is a common species.

Recommanded Product: 67-51-6. Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Hamid, A; Roy, RK or send Email.

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article The First Example of Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative C-N Cross Coupling of 2H-Imidazole 1-Oxide with Azoles WOS:000485299000017 published article about DIRECT FUNCTIONALIZATION; OXIDES; BOND; DERIVATIVES; ARYLATION; RADICALS; LITHIUM; AZINES in [Akulov, Alexey A.; Varaksin, Mikhail V.; Charushin, Valery N.; Chupakhin, Oleg N.] Ural Fed Univ, 19 Mira St, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia; [Varaksin, Mikhail V.; Charushin, Valery N.; Chupakhin, Oleg N.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Postovsky Inst Organ Synth, 22 S Kovalevskoi,20 Akad Skaya St, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia in 2019.0, Cited 28.0. The Name is 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 67-51-6. Formula: C5H8N2

We report the first example of the direct nucleophilic C-H functionalization of cyclic aldonitrone, a derivative of 2H-imidazole 1-oxide, with 1H-imidazole and 3,5-dimethylpyrazole rings using oxidative C-N cross-coupling reactions in the presence of palladium(II) catalyst. The obtained new bisheterocyclic N-oxides may be of interest as molecules with potential biological activity and as functional organic materials.

Welcome to talk about 67-51-6, If you have any questions, you can contact Akulov, AA; Varaksin, MV; Charushin, VN; Chupakhin, ON or send Email.. Formula: C5H8N2

Reference:
Pyrazole – Wikipedia,
,Pyrazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics